ASTM D4185 Standard Practice for Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
ASTM D4185燃烧原子吸收光谱测定法对工作场所空气中金属的测定用标准规范
The health of workers in many industries is at risk through exposure by inhalation to toxic metals. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers' exposures, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. Exposure to some metal-containing particles has been demonstrated to cause dermatitis, skin ulcers, eye problems, chemical pneumonitis, and other physical disorders (1).
AAS is capable of quantitatively determining most metals in air samples at the levels required by federal, state, and local occupational health and air pollution regulations. The analysis results can be used for the assessment of workplace exposures to metals in workplace air.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the collection, dissolution, and determination of trace metals in workplace atmospheres, by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
1.2 The sensitivity, detection limit, and optimum working concentration for 23 metals are given in Table 1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Specific safety precautionary statements are given in Section 9.)
TABLE 1 AAS Instrumental Detection Limits and Optimum Working Concentration for 23 Metals
|
|
Element
|
Detection Limit, μg/mL
(approximately three times standard deviation of blank)A |
Optimum Linear Range
Upper Limit, μg/mL |
TLV, mg/m3 (elements, compound classes, and oxides)B
|
|
|
Ag
|
0.001
|
5
|
0.1 (metal) 0.01 (soluble compounds as Ag)
|
|
|
Al
|
0.04
|
50
|
2.0 (soluble salts and alkyls not otherwise classified) 10 (metal dust and oxide)
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 (pyro powder and welding fume)
|
|
|
Ba
|
0.01
|
10
|
0.5 (soluble compounds)
|
|
|
Bi
|
0.03
|
10
|
No Limit expressed for this element
|
|
|
Ca
|
0.002
|
1
|
2 (oxide as CaO)
|
|
|
Cd
|
0.0008
|
1
|
0.01 (elemental and compoundstotal dust)
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.002 (elemental compoundsrespirable fraction)
|
|
|
Co
|
0.009
|
5
|
0.02 (elemental and inorganic) 0.1 (carbonyl and hydrocarbonyl)
|
|
|
Cr
|
0.003
|
5
|
0.5 (metal and Cr III compounds) 0.05 (water soluble Cr VI compounds)
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.01 (insoluble Cr VI compounds)
|
|
|
Cu
|
0.002
|
5
|
0.2 (fume) 1 (dust and mists as Cu)
|
|
|
Fe
|
0.005
|
5
|
5 (iron oxide fume) 5 (soluble salts as Fe)
|
|
|
In
|
0.03
|
50
|
0.1 (metal and compounds)
|
|
|
K
|
0.003
|
1
|
No Limit expressed for this element
|
|
|
Li
|
0.0008
|
1
|
No Limit expressed for this element
|
|
|
Mg
|
0.0002
|
0.5
|
10 (as MgO fume)
|
|
|
Mn
|
0.002
|
5
|
0.2 (elemental and inorganic compounds)
|
|
|
Na
|
0.0003
|
0.5
|
No Limit expressed for this element
|
|
|
Ni
|
0.006
|
5
|
0.05 (elemental, soluble and insoluble compounds)
|
|
|
Pb
|
0.02
|
10
|
0.15 (inorganic compounds, fume, dust)
|
|
|
Rb
|
0.003
|
5
|
No Limit expressed for this element
|
|
|
Sr
|
0.003
|
5
|
No Limit expressed for this element
|
|
|
Tl
|
0.02
|
50
|
0.1 (soluble compounds)
|
|
|
V
|
0.06
|
100
|
0.05 (pentoxide, respirable dust or fume, as V2O5)
|
|
|
Zn
|
0.002
|
1
|
10 (oxide dust as ZnO) 5 (oxide fume as ZnO)
|
A These detection limits represent ideal laboratory conditions; variability due to sampling, digestion, reagents, and sample handling has not been taken into account.
B Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants and Physical Agents adopted by ACGIH for 1994–1995. Values are elemental concentrations except as noted.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)
ASTM Standards
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Calibration of Personal Sampling Pumps
D7035 Test Method for Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Calibration of Personal Sampling Pumps
D7035 Test Method for Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Index Terms
air monitoring; atomic absorption spectrophotometry; metals; sampling and analysis; spectrometry; workplace air: FAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometry); Filters/filter procedures--atmospheric analysis; Metal content; Metals and metallic materials; Spectrophotometry--atomic absorption; Workplace air/atmospheres;